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Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia

(Hillebr.) Morden & Faccenda (2025)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Genus: Acacia

dwarf koa, koa‘ohā [koaoha], koai‘a [koaia], koai‘e [koaie]

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrub to small tree up to 9 m tall.

Stems: Trunk gnarled and twisted, no spines.

Roots: Taprooted.

Leaves: Leaves compound (bipinnate) or modified into phyllodes of petiolar origin often with extrafloral glands on leaf rachises. Alternate. Phyllodes strongly falcate, 6–12 cm long, 0.8–1 cm wide, bipinnately compound leaves of various sizes present at apex of small phyllodes in sapling stages. Margins of phyllodes entire. Phyllodes with three prominent veins. Petiolate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in heads, ca. 8 rnm in diameter (excl. stamens), these few together in axillary racemes or sometimes aggregated into terminal leafy panicles, peduncles ca. 1 cm long. Flowers mimosaceous, ca. 2 mm long. Calyx campanulate, truncate or obscurely 4–5-toothed. Petals cream color. Stamens numerous, curled, more than twice as long as corolla. Pollen born in tetrads. Ovary superior, pubescent.

Fruit: Pods flattened; curved and constricted between the seeds; 10–15 cm long; 0.8–1.0 cm wide; sutures straight or occasionally constricted between some of the seeds. Apex with a recurved mucro. Seeds oblong laterally flattened; transversely or longitudinally arranged.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Lowland and montane forests in both dry and wet forests.

Elevation Range: 300–1,800 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

  • To treat illnesses on the skin, koai‘a leaves and bark, ‘auko‘i (Senna occidentalis) and kikania stalks (Desmodium sandwicense) are ground together. Water is added and the mixture is heated; the patient takes a steam bath or puholoholo (Chun 1994:1156–157).

  • Wood, which is harder than the koa, was used for spears and decorative paddles; primary wood used for beaters (Hillebrande 1888:112; Krauss 1993:63). Wood also used for house timbers and carved fish hooks (Krauss 1993:43; Lamb 1981:47–48; Malo 1951:21), also in musical instrument (‘ukeke) (Krauss 1993:85).

  • Yellow dye from flowers

CULTURE

  • He Kaao no Palila Palila used a koai‘e wood pololu. (Fornander [v.5 part i] 1918:151).

PROPAGATION/CULTIVATION

  • Intermediate. Presoak seeds; when seedlings reach 10 cm begin to fertilize, plantout in full sun at height of 30-50 cm, lightly fertilize & water well; are highly drought resistant; monitor for insects (Bornhorst 1996:60–61; Bornhorst and Rauch 1994:15–16; Culliney and Koebele 1999:81–83).

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Lana'i Endemic
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2025 p.110 (2025)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:641 (Mo, L, M, H [Syn. Acacia koaia = A. koa]); Wagner & Herbst 1999:1875 (RESURRECT, also K, perhaps O [as A. koaia]); Rico-Arce 2007:108 (DESCR [as A. koaia]); Morden & Faccenda 2025:110 (COMBNOV, STATNOV, Syn. A. koaia = A. heterophylla subsp. koaia); Thomas, Magnacca, et al. 2025:240 (O presence confirmed)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Kalaheo, Kukui o Lono Park, adjacent to golf course, across from pavillion Preserved_Specimen to 25' tree Hodges, C. Kauai BISH 1982-02-04
2 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia East Molokai, Kamiloloa Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2357 Molokai BISH 1985-04-17
3 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Koaia Gulch, below Waiakeakua Flat Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 207 Lanai BISH 1970-12-27
4 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Palawai, SE corner Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 45 Lanai BISH 1927-06-02
5 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Puu Kawai, Waimea Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3982 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-24
6 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Kauai Preserved_Specimen Tree 15 m. tall. Montgomery, S.L. Kauai BISH 1987-06-10
7 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Palikea trail lower part Preserved_Specimen 11 Oahu BISH 1963-10-12
8 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Puuwaawaa, nr Puuanahulu Bluff Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 1112 Hawaii BISH 1922-10-11
9 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia East Maui, Kanaio Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 353 Maui BISH 1982-12-04
10 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Pupukea past the Boy's camp Preserved_Specimen Kingsley, L. 24 Oahu BISH 1960-12-07
11 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Kohala District, lands of Puukawaiwai, Koaia Tree Sanctuary along Kohala-Waimea Highway centering on Waiakamali Gulch Preserved_Specimen Small, gnarled tree with yellowish flowers Herbst, D.R. 5309 Hawaii BISH 1975-05-19
12 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Off of North Kohala Rd., at Acacia koaia Sanctuary, Dept. of Forestry Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5289 Hawaii BISH 1984-02-28
13 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Paomai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 640 Lanai BISH 1917-10-01
14 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Lyon Arboretum Preserved_Specimen Spence, G. 389 Oahu BISH 1976-08-01
15 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia East Maui, Kanaio Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 352 Maui BISH 1982-12-04
16 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Waahila Ridge along the Hawaiian Electric right-of-way. Preserved_Specimen Kennedy, R. Oahu BISH 1998-12-14
17 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia East Maui, Makawao Forest Reserve Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. Maui BISH 2005-12-20
18 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Kohala Mountain Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH 1872-12-01
19 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Waiopai Gulch Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1855 Maui BISH 1920-11-05
20 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Puuwaawaa Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Hawaii BISH 1954-12-29
21 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Kula Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Maui BISH
22 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Honouliuli Forest Reserve, between Puu Kuua and Puu Kapuai Preserved_Specimen Landgraf, M.F. Oahu BISH 1967-04-25
23 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia ridge behind Papaa, Moloaa FR Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. Kauai BISH 1952-01-16
24 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Grove Farm nursery Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Kauai BISH 1926-05-29
25 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Kawaihaeuka Preserved_Specimen Davis, C.J. Hawaii BISH 1952-01-09
26 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Parker Rock Preserved_Specimen Suzuki Hawaii BISH 1946-01-03
27 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Molokai Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Molokai BISH
28 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia N. slope Hualalai between poohohoo and Halfway House Preserved_Specimen Kondo, Y. Hawaii BISH 1946-07-20
29 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Kamuela Preserved_Specimen Clay, H.F. Hawaii BISH 1960-11-01
30 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Kawaihai-uka Preserved_Specimen Davis, C.J. Hawaii BISH 1959-01-21
31 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia N. Kohala Preserved_Specimen Bryan, L.W. Hawaii BISH 1956-05-15
32 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Puuwaawaa Preserved_Specimen Meebold, A. Hawaii BISH 1932-05-01
33 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Puuwaawaa ranch, Kona Preserved_Specimen 7253 Hawaii BISH 1932-05-01
34 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Kawaihae 2. Near Puu Makea Crater, Kohola Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 1365 Hawaii BISH 1954-12-30
35 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Preserved_Specimen Gaudichaud-Beaupré, C. BISH
36 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia unknown Preserved_Specimen BISH
37 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia East Maui, Lualailua, S slope steep cinder bank; with Lantana, Melinis, Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 545 Maui BISH 1983-10-02
38 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Kamakoa Gulch, S. Kohala District, 3 miles east of Saddle Road Junction Small grove of trees clinging to the north facing side of teh gulch. Preserved_Specimen Height to 15 ft. Inflorescences in bud, no fruit seen. Anderson, S.J. 459 Hawaii BISH 1981-11-12
39 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia South Kohala District: Koaia Forest Preserve along Highway 250 (Hawi - Waimea), at several miles NW of Waimea relic forest of Acacia surrounded by pastureland Preserved_Specimen Low trees 2.5-4 m. tall, boles 15-25 cm. d.b.h., canopy low, almost touching ground, dense and rounded; sometimes root-suckering. Pods green. Some regeneration occurring, juvenile foliage heterophyllous. Many branches parasitized by korsalthella. Lorence, D.H. 5903 Hawaii BISH 1988-03-14
40 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Olinda Forest Reserve gulch slopes Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 22110 Maui BISH 1952-03-26
41 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Kawaihau, East Makaleha Mountains, Kealia Forest Reserve Kauai lowland ohia/uluhe (Metrosideros/Dicranopteris) fern forest: Dicranopteris linearis, Eucalyptus robusta, Metrosideros polymorpha var. Glaberrima, Santalum pyrularium, Araucaria columnaris, Pandanus tectorius, Melaleuca quinquenervia, Melastoma candidum, Grevill... Preserved_Specimen 10m tall tree on exposed ridge, growing out of surrounding Dicranopteris, alongside a dirt bike trail. Trees are common in the area, rounded canopies, whitish bark, as wide as tall, mostly on the open ridgetops and upper slopes, but a grove visible in shallow gully bottom to the North. Flowers present, a handful of olde... A.M. Williams 859 Kauai BISH 2025-03-07
42 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Koaia Sanctuary, N.W. of Waimea by Kohala Road dryish rocky sloping grassland with small trees and shrubs Preserved_Specimen Low tree of ~3-4 m, branching near base, wide spreading. Flowers white to yellowish Brenan, J.P.M. 15181 Hawaii BISH 1985-02-13
43 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Kauai forest Preserved_Specimen 10 m x 3 dm tree St.John, H. 24919 Kauai BISH 1952-12-31
44 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Hanalei, Napali Coast trail, ~1 mi SW of Kee Beach, NE of Hanakapiai Pandanus, Metrosideros, Dicranopteris Preserved_Specimen 4 m tree; bole 2 m x 20 cm; phyllodes medium green; flowers creamy white; pods straight, brown, with length wise seeds Lorence, D.H. 5785 Kauai BISH 1988-02-12
45 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia 4 mi from Kamuela toward Kohala along road, dry forest Preserved_Specimen compact, round, twiggy tree Degener, O. 3899 Hawaii BISH 1930-03-22
46 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Kawaihau District. Anahola, Moloaa Forest Reserve, upper reaches of Papaa Valley below Kawalumakua Peak. Metrosideros-Dicranopteris lowland windward Forest W/ Psidium cattleianum, Sphenomeris chinensis, Syzygium cumini, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling tree 12 ft tall. Bark red-brown, leaves slightly glaucous, 99 percent of seed predated. Seed aligned laterally or narrow ends toward seed pod margins. Tangalin, N. 2585 Kauai BISH 2011-04-12
47 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Kaa, Kanepuu windswept, open, with alien grasses and shrubs Preserved_Specimen 3 m tree with umbrella shaped crown; flower buds reddish green Lorence, D.H. 6687 Lanai BISH 1991-01-20
48 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Kawaihau District: North side of Keiwa Ridge, just a little below the ridgetop, very close to boundary with Kealia Forest Reserve, behind Kapahi Lowland Wet Ohia / Hala/ Koaia/ Uluhe Forest Metrosideros polymorpha var. glaberrima, Santalum pyrularium, Dicranopteris linearis, Melastoma septemnervium, Grevillea robusta, Psidium cattleianum, Preserved_Specimen Tree is approximately 30 ft. tall, though it has a heavily leaning trunk and is growing on a hill, appears to have been previously blown over or suffered severe storm damage. Massive trunk hiding below the uluhe measures 100 cm DSH. Williams, A, 919 Kauai BISH 2024-11-07
49 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia back of Waimea with ohia Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3984 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-24
50 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia East Maui, base of Piiholo on south side, on slope aboe Waiohiwi stream, 1862, Aspect: SE Mesic: Psidium, Schinus, Casuarina Preserved_Specimen Patch of remnant trees in mosty non-native dominated forest Pezzillo, Z. 560 Maui BISH 2023-07-26
51 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Along road to Hawi, North Kohala District in pasture Preserved_Specimen Small tree Niimoto, D. Hawaii BISH 1984-01-01
52 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Waimea District, Koaie, dividing ridge between Hipalau and Kawaiiki mixed mesic forest, summer dry, steep slopes and cliff habitat Diospyros sandwicensis, Acacia koaia, Planchonella sandwicensis, Santalum pyrularium, Dracaena aurea, Myrsine lanaiensis, Rauvolfia sandwicensis, Psydrax odorata, Hibiscus waimeae, Flueggea neowawraea Preserved_Specimen tree, 4 m tall, trunk twisty, in flower, cream Wood, K.R. 15348 Kauai BISH 2013-01-23
53 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia 4 mi from Kamuela toward Kohala along road, dry forest Preserved_Specimen compact, round, twiggy tree Degener, O. 3899 Hawaii BISH 1930-03-22
54 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Hanalei Valley woodland Preserved_Specimen Tree of ~30-40 ft. Brenan, J.P.M. 15211 Kauai BISH 1985-02-23
55 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Koloa District. Wahiawa Mountains, Mt., Kahili, main trail, past water tank from Kahili Mtn. Parl. Lowland disturbed mesic. Preserved_Specimen About 20 ft tall tree, healthy. About 6 trees in area. Creamy white flowers, blue/green leaves. Harshman, K. 1 Kauai BISH 2018-08-13
56 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia East Maui, Makawao District, East, Puu o Kali lava Preserved_Specimen 4-6 m tree, wood chocolate brown, dense and hard Hobdy, R.W. 1903 Maui BISH 1984-01-13
57 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia S Haleakala, Kealii forest Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2117 Maui BISH 1920-03-28
58 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia West FR, Lahaina, Panaewa, ridge S of S fork of Kahoma Stream exotic grass and trees, native trees; steep slope top of gulch Preserved_Specimen 2-3 m shrub Warshauer, F.R. 3085 Maui BISH 1980-08-17
59 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia East Maui, Makawao District, above Kihei, Puu o Kali cone lava Preserved_Specimen 15-25' tree, branches with 1 or 2+ flowers per axil Hobdy, R.W. 1009 Maui BISH 1981-03-05
60 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Hanalei District; Kalalau Valley; helicopter drop on isolated ridge below and W of first lookout Panicum lineale-Wilkesia gymnoxiphium dry to mesic cliffs w/ Canthium, Poa mannii, Metrosideros, Dodonaea, Chamaesyce celastroides. Preserved_Specimen 2-3 m tall tree; dark brown-grey; dominant tree on forested cliff; corolla cream-white. Wood, K.R. 3011 Kauai BISH 1994-02-27
61 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Olinda Forest Reserve gulch slopes Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 22110 Maui BISH 1952-03-26
62 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Hanalei Distr., Na Pali Coast Trail, ca. 1 mi SW of Kee Beach, just NE of Hanakapiai Valley North-facing slope with Pandanus, Acacia, scattered Metrosideros, and dense stands of Dicranopteris. Preserved_Specimen Tree 6 m. tall, bole 50 cm. diam., branching at 0.6 m., bark furrowed, blackish, crown dense, rounded, spreading. Flowers creamy white. Pods straight, seeds lengthwise. Population of 18-20 trees extending up ridge, this largest individual. Lorence, D.H. 5784 Kauai BISH 1988-02-12
63 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Off main Hwy. to Kokee from Waimea Town, West side of Hwy. in road-cut about 2 miles before junction of Rim Road and Kokee Road Degraded Dodonaea Shrubland. W/ Leptecophylla, Santalum ellipticum, Lipochaeta connata, Eragrostis variabilis, Bidens sandwicensis, Doryopteris, Leucaena leucocephala, Acacia decurrens, Emilia, Rhyncelytrum repens, Hyptis, Sida f Preserved_Specimen 10 ftl tall tree. Pods narrow, seeds arranged lenghtwise Tangalin, N. 1559 Kauai BISH 2007-09-06
64 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Hanalei Valley woodland, open, partly cleared on steep slope Preserved_Specimen Tree 20-40'. Flowers cream Brenan, J.P.M. 15209 Kauai BISH 1985-02-23
65 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Olinda Forest Reserve gulch slopes Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 22110 Maui BISH 1952-03-26
66 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia WSW of Puu Nene, gulch gulch, remnant Dodonaea dry shrubland Preserved_Specimen to 3 m shrub Oppenheimer, H.L. 30816 Lanai BISH 2008-03-27
67 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Puuwaawaa, on the Huluhulu escarpment transect (T16), from the main colony Native remnant forest. On grassy slopes. Preserved_Specimen Small treelet, most inds. sterile. Takeuchi, W.N. 5814 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-01
68 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Hanalei Distr., Na Pali Coast Trail, ca. 1 mi SW of Kee Beach, just NE of Hanakapiai Valley North-facing slope with Pandanus, Acacia, scattered Metrosideros, and dense stands of Dicranopteris. Preserved_Specimen Tree 4 m. tall, bole 10 cm. dbh., bark grayish brown, crown low and spreading. Flowers creamy white. Follicles brown, straight. Population of 18-20 trees extending up ridge. Lorence, D.H. 5783 Kauai BISH 1988-02-12
69 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Palawai Basin, SE corner small grove, on rocky slopes Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH 1926-08-19
70 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Waahila. Southeastern Koolau Mountains Growing on side of ridge in mostly alien mesic-dry forest. Area dominated by Psidium cattleianum and Schinus terebinthifolius. Preserved_Specimen Large tree with main trunk semi prostrate. Trunk with distinct fisures and stiff, flakey bark. Fruit pods linear, seeds oriented up and down inside the pod. Thomas, M.K. 596 Oahu BISH 2023-08-15
71 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Kawaihau District. Anahola. Moloaa Forest Reserve Dicranopteris covered slope just below ridge top. W/Metrosideros, Acacia koaia, Psidium, and Bobea emergent Preserved_Specimen Tree of 18 ft.; newest phyllodes yellow green, aging dull medium green; flowers; buds pale green, flower heads pale yellow, Acacia scattered at this elev Flynn, T.W. 7772 Kauai BISH 2014-03-20
72 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia S Haleakala, Kealii forest Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2119.2119 Maui BISH 1920-03-28
73 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia East Maui, Makawao District, East, Puu o Kali lava Preserved_Specimen early flowering, no pods Hobdy, R.W. 1904 Maui BISH 1984-01-13
74 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia ~7 miles NW of Waimea, by Kohala Road outside of Acacia Koaia Sanctuary sloping rocky ground by roadside Preserved_Specimen Low spreading tree, ~ 3 m. Brenan, J.P.M. 15184 Hawaii BISH 1985-02-13
75 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Hanalei, SW of Waipa stream, low hill leading to base of ridge with Psidium and Pandanus Preserved_Specimen 20' tree; flower bud yellow green; open flower head whitish green Flynn, T.W. 3222 Kauai BISH 1988-12-02
76 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Kapaa, Kalepa ridge steep slope, Psidium cattleianum Preserved_Specimen Montgomery, S.L. Kauai BISH 1987-06-10
77 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Koloa, Laaukahi forest Preserved_Specimen 15' tree; flower pale yellow St.John, H. 13447 Kauai BISH 1933-12-22
78 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Kauai County. Nounou Mountain Forest Reserve, along Nounou Trail West. Highly disturbed remnant low elevation Ohia Koaia forest with Uluhe understory Polyscias racemosa, Hibiscus clayi, Metrosideros polymorpha var. glaberrima, Grevillea robusta, Psidium cattleianum, Syzygium cuminii, Schefflera actinophylla, Schinus terebinthifolius, Gahnia aspera subsp. globosa, Stachytarpheta, Clidemia. Preserved_Specimen Fallen tree approximately 6 m tall when it was standing. In flower with mostly immature fruits, very few mature and dehiscing. Longitudinally arranged seeds within fruits. Williams, A.M. 411 Kauai BISH 2017-07-24
79 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia South Kohala District: Kohala Mountains, Koaia Tree Sanctuary of State Forestry Dept., along Highway 250 at 5.5 miles NW of Waimea remnants of low dry forest dominated by Acacia koaia with Myoporum, Chenopodium and exotic grasses Preserved_Specimen Tree 3 m. tall with low and dense, rounded crown almost touching ground, trunk 25 cm. in diam., bark gray, longitudinally fissured. Stamens pale yellow, seeds brownish balck, ripe pods brown. Lorence, D.H. 6073 Hawaii BISH 1988-06-29
80 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia W Hanalei Valley, Kaukaopu ridge Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Ardisia elliptica, Psidium cattleianum, Melaleuca, Eucalyptus Preserved_Specimen 6-7 m x 30 cm tree; trunk, bark gray, fissured checked, crown low, round; phyllodes gray green; flower heads cream; old pods from ground Lorence, D.H. 8000 Kauai BISH 1997-06-06
81 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Hanalei Valley Forehills. Preserved_Specimen Upper surface of juvenile leaflets dark green. Degener, O. 21405 Kauai BISH 1950-01-29
82 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Koaia Gulch, off road to Lanaihale With Dodonaea, Melia azederach, Grevillea robusta, Panicum maximum, grasses. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 6417 Lanai BISH 1987-09-01
83 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia W Maui, Hanaula, Ukumekame district, head of Papalaua Gulch With Styphelia; Santalum freycinetianum var. auwahiense; and Dodonaea. Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 541 Maui BISH 1983-09-27
84 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Palawai Basin, SE corner small grove, on rocky slope Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH 1926-04-19
85 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Wailupe. Ahupuaa of Waikiki. Southeastern Koolau mountains. Growing in mesic forest with Psidium cattleianum, Schinus terebinthifolius, Diospyros sandwicensis, Carex wahuensis, Blechnum appnediculatum, Cibotium chamissoi, Bidens sandvicensis, Lepisorus thunbergianus, and others. Preserved_Specimen Medium size tree. Pods narrow, seeds arranged parallel to margin of pod. Phyllodes lateral and not curving downward. Plants distinct from the nearby Koa typical of the species. Pods wider than that of typical Koaia. Thomas, M.K. 1132 Oahu BISH 2025-06-04
86 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Kanaio NAR, W side, N of old horse trail Dodonaea, Wikstroemia, Osteomeles, Leptecophylla, Lantana, Melinis, Asplenium, Pellaea, Plectranthus, Diospyros, Bocconia, Schinus, Bidens pilosa, Peperomia, Cocculus, Ipomoea, Nothocestrum, Reynoldsia; aa flow Preserved_Specimen 3-4 m tree; spreading crown Oppenheimer, H.L. 50801 Maui BISH 2008-05-13
87 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Puu Manu, SE windswept; with Dodonaea, Hyparrhenia Preserved_Specimen 2.5 m tree Nagata, K.M. 3721 Lanai BISH 1987-11-08
88 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Above Puu Kawaiwai, Kohala On dry weedy slope w/ scattered small trees. Preserved_Specimen Small spreading tree, flowers light yellow and somewhat fragrant. Fosberg, F.R. 42127 Hawaii BISH 1961-09-10
89 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Kohala Mts., Puu Kawaiwai few trees remaining from former forest Preserved_Specimen 7 m. tree St.John, H. 11504 Hawaii BISH 1932-01-02
90 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Palawai Basin, SE corner small grove, on rocky slope Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH 1926-04-19
91 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Puuwaawaa On grassy slope, Huluhulu escarpment. Preserved_Specimen Small treelet, Takeuchi, W.N. 5814 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-01
92 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Hanalei Valley woodland, open, partly cleared on steep slope Preserved_Specimen Tree 20-40'. Flowers cream Brenan, J.P.M. 15209 Kauai BISH 1985-02-23
93 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Lyon Arboretum, Middle Lawn Makai Growing on well drained slope in open sun. Preserved_Specimen Small tree to 3 m. tall with rounded crown. Spence, G. 389 Oahu BISH 1976-08-01
94 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia West Maui, top of Kealalola Ridge above McGregor Point dense ohia-Styphetic thicket on steep side of gulley Preserved_Specimen Tree of 2-3 m, not spreading, but little room. Densely branched above. Phyllodes dense almost straight, glaucous. Flowers cream Brenan, J.P.M. 15195 Maui BISH 1985-02-16
95 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Waahila Ridge, about 1/8 mile makai of parking lot in park; under electric power lines In disturbed forest with strawberry guava, ironwood, and few uulei plants. Preserved_Specimen Three trees ca 15 ft tall; trunk > 1 ft diam., limbs had been cut off (by power company?). Fruits persistent pods, more than 300 present. Chung, D. Oahu BISH 1998-08-27
96 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia 4 mi from Kamuela toward Kohala along road, dry forest Preserved_Specimen compact, round, twiggy tree Degener, O. 3899 Hawaii BISH 1930-03-22
97 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Koloa District. Kahil ridge, about 100 m up trail from water tank Lowland dry forest Dicranopteris linearis Preserved_Specimen 20 ft tall, canopy about 20 ft diameter Umetsu, R. 12 Kauai BISH 2016-11-10
98 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia 4 mi from Kamuela toward Kohala along road, dry forest Preserved_Specimen compact, round, twiggy tree Degener, O. 3899 Hawaii BISH 1930-03-22
99 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Lihue-Koloa FR, SE Kahua Moa, above Piwai Reservoir Bobea, Psydrax Preserved_Specimen 6-8 m x 30-35 cm tree, crown low, rounded; pods narrow, slightly curved, seeds oriented longitudinally Lorence, D.H. 7125 Kauai BISH 1992-01-07
100 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia 2 miles north of Kamuela on road to Kohala Perhaps the last known locality for this relict dry-forest species. With Myoporum, Myrsine, in pasture area which has now been fenced off and protected. Preserved_Specimen Shrubby trees to 8 feet, fls. yellow Carlquist, S. 2078 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-28
101 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Princeville area, on the brow of a ravine slope above Anini Beach Park Associated vegetation: ohia lehua, hapuu tree fern. Preserved_Specimen Ten trees noted, mostly 8-10 m tall, 0.5m dbh. Previously noted only on younger islands, characters that suggest Acacia koaia include hard wood, slender phyllodes, and narrow pods with longitudinally arranged seeds. Montgomery, S.L. Kauai BISH 2009-04-07
102 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Koaia Gulch, SE arid; with Melia, Schinus terebinthifolius, Dodonaea, Styphelia, Melinis minutiflora; S side near top of ridge Preserved_Specimen 7-8' tree, gnarled, branched; flowers pale yellow Herbst, D.R. 4030 Lanai BISH 1974-06-11
103 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Waimea District, Koaie, dividing ridge between Hipalau and Kawaiiki mixed mesic forest, summer dry, steep slopes and cliff habitat Diospyros sandwicensis, Acacia koaia, Planchonella sandwicensis, Santalum pyrularium, Dracaena aurea, Myrsine lanaiensis, Rauvolfia sandwicensis, Psydrax odorata, Hibiscus waimeae, Flueggea neowawraea Preserved_Specimen tree, 7 m tall, twisted trunk and branching, in flowers Wood, K.R. 15369 Kauai BISH 2013-01-24
104 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia East Maui, S Haleakala, Kamole dry side of gulch Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19291 Maui BISH 1948-12-21
105 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Honolulu, Bishop Museum Campus, native Hawaiian garden. Preserved_Specimen Tree, 10 ft height, flower stamens yellow. Kennedy, B. 20181 Oahu BISH 2018-03-20
106 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Paunau-Kuhua divide Preserved_Specimen 10x1 m tree St.John, H. 17692 Maui BISH 1936-12-19
107 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia S Haleakala, Kealii forest Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2119.2119 Maui BISH 1920-03-28
108 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Puu Kawai, Waimea Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3982 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-24
109 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Kauaio, E. Maui Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 352 Maui BISH 1982-12-04
110 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Kohala Mountains Preserved_Specimen Tree, 5 m. tall. Bark very rough and furrowed. Lamoureux, C.H. 2757 Hawaii BISH 1964-06-18
111 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia Koaia Tree Sanctuary, 5 mi N. of Waimea Preserved_Specimen Small tree, 20 ft Little Jr., E.L. 31079 Hawaii BISH 1976-08-18
112 Acacia heterophylla subsp. koaia East Molokai, Kamiloloa Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2358 Molokai BISH 1985-04-17
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